Designing DNA

Archive for November, 2011

Best Answer:

1. The structure of DNA is illustrated by a double right hand helix, with about 10 pairs of nucleotides per helical turn. Each spiral strand, composed of a sugar phosphate backbone and attached bases, is connected to a complementary strand by hydrogen bonds (non-covalent) between paired bases, adenine (A) with thymine (T) and guanine (G) with cytosine (C). The ribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used for the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term preservation of information. DNA is often compared to a series of projects or a recipe, or a code, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The segments of DNA that carry genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences for structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information.

Dna-Tests

2. Chemically, DNA consists of two long series polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of the four types of molecules called bases. And ‘the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of amino acids into proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into RNA for nucleic acid in a process called transcription.
3. Within cells, DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes are duplicated before cells divide, in a process called DNA replication. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi and protists) store their DNA inside the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes (bacteria and archai) is located in the cytoplasm of the cell. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed.

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